Buick Only..
Don't know about the others. For the Buicks, the translator takes an output from a late model Chevy MAF, and "translates" it to an input that the Buick ECM can recognize. The stock Buick MAF had an output of 32 to 150 Hz, which the ECM sees as mass air flow ranging from 3? to 255 gm/sec. The Chevy MAFs output is a higher frequency. The "extender" option for the translator allows the reading of flows higher than the stock 255 gm/sec., which is useful if you want to make more power than a bone stock combo will allow. The translator "plus" also allows you to tinker with mixture and timing, without making chip changes.