also, from
www.gnttype.org,
CODE 23
Trouble Code 23 indicates that the Manifold Air Temperature (MAT) sensor is reporting abnormally low readings. When the air is cold, the thermistor in the sensor has a high resistance, which falls as the air charge warms. Low readings thus indicate a possible bad sensor or open in the MAT circuit.
The conditions for setting this code are:
MAT reading is < -40 deg F (-40 deg C)
NOTE: A default MAT value indicating 82 deg F is used while Code 23 is present.
Typical thermistor resistance values are:
deg F deg C resistance (ohms)
210 100 185
160 70 450
100 38 1,800
70 20 3,400
40 4 7,500
20 -7 13,500
0 -18 25,000
-40 -40 100,000+
Typical causes for this code include:
1) Defective MAT sensor
2) Open sensor ground circuit
3) Dirty or corroded connection(s) at MAT and/or ECM
4) Open circuit between the ECM and the MAT sensor
5) Defective ECM