As far as the clamping force of fasteners goes, there is a lot of scatter no matter what a person does. Even the exact same installation, using the exact same techniques will result in different clamping forces. So in reality, a spectrum of clamping forces nust work. If not then there would be a lot of failures.
I am interested to know why people think there are major differences in clamping force between a bolt and stud, torqued to the same value with all other things the same. All of the analysis methods I have found do not show such differences. Common references such as Shigley, Nui, Bruhn do not consider weather the fastener is a bolt or stud. I also looked into an AIAA paper entitled "An Evaluation of Common Analysis Methods for Bolted Joints...", which compares these methods and others (esa, nasa, other papers) and there seems to be no differences while analyzing clamping force between studs and bolts.
Is this just from personal experience?
Thanks