another x-navy checking in, with 4 years active, 6 years reserves.
As such, can't give too much info on other services, but, for most officer programs in the Navy (and probably other branches) you need a bachelors of some kind, and no, they don't just slap an officer's uniform on you, you have to do SOME kind of officer's training.
But on the other hand, the Navy has a few officer programs that don't require college degrees, but you will need to serve enlisted for 10+ years to qualify for those. I'm guessing you will find similar situations in the other military branches.
I don't think anybody likes being shot at. Anyone that thinks otherwise has suicidal issues & needs professional help - but as was said already - you could end up being shot in the Coast Guard too.
My suggestion would be to get in touch with admissions to the Coast Guard Academy. Waiting a year really wouldn't be all that big of an issue, besides being young and wanting to take care of all this BS yesterday... Going enlisted first sometimes help if there's still a little bit of "growing up" to do.
Boot camp, as well as "officer indoctrination" training is going to be hard, if you don't have anyone who can try to give you an idea of what it is like before hand. I suggest to watch the movie "Full Metal Jacket" - particularly the beginning. If you watch it and laugh, watch it a second time, but this time, try to imagine what it would be like to actually be at boot camp. You are stuck in a place you can't leave, you can't go to macdonalds, or the mall or wherever at all, for anywhere from 2-4 months. You might not think it's a big deal right now, and you might not have a problems with it anyway, but then again, you won't know till you find yourself in that situation. Boot camp is not hard from what you are required to do, it can be very hard adjusting to "military" life. Not everyone is able to do this!
If you aren't 100% sure of what you want to be when you grow up (like 80% of people) you might not be ready to put up with the military lifestyle. You might want to consult as many career counselors as you can, if you haven't done so already.
HTH,
Greg