A/C 101.....
Accumulators basically have 3 functions.
1. Vapor/Gas to the compressor.
Depending on temperature conditions and superheat, the evaporator will fill itself with freon. If heat cannot boil the freon fast enough to a vapor then liquid is sent out of the evap. This liquid is sent to the accumulator to further boil and ensure that vapor/gas only goes to the compressor. This is why the top of the accumulator seems to sweat.
2. Filtration
There's a screen filter inside the accumulator to trap debris from getting to the compressor. In our cars, the expansion valve is of the fixed orifice type. It only has a little screen and a small orifice to allow freon through. Should any debris or rubbish pass it, the accumulators filter job is to catch it.
3. Moisture containment
Finally the last job of the accumulator is to contain moisture. There's a desiccant bag to collect any moisture in the system. (Kinda like the little bags in the Mochi-crunch that you can't eat. Well, not supposed to eat.) Water (moisture) and freon don't mix. Well they do mix but, create an acid in the process. Acid eats at everything in your A/C system. Lines, seals, orings, pistons, you name it, a good percent of damage is done from moisture. It tears at your A/C from the inside out. That's why it's equally important to evacuate the system prior to charging. Evacuation boils all the moisture given enough time.
Do accumulators get worn out?
No. They do get contaminated with moisture and koo-kai. And yes you should change it everytime you open the system for repairs. As a general rule, I like to think of the accumulator the same way as the oil filter. Everytime you service the engine you change the filter right. Or how's this one, do you know of anyone who'd throw in a new engine and grab the old filter and put it on? Please don't reply back...This means you too Charlie.
Ok class dismissed!
