Most of your questions have been asked and or explained in this post.
http://www.turbobuick.com/forums/turbos-turbo-related-parts/209287-turbo-101-a.html
But to cut to the chase:
#1
TA = stock appearing factory style compressor cover on the turbo.
TE = non factory appearing, TO4E style compressor cover. 3" inlet, 2" discharge.
#2
Differences are/were, compressor wheel and compressor covers. Those were the only differences between all of those models. They have all been superceeded by newer technology turbos. However, the TA-49, TE-44 and TE-60 are still available by us.
#3
For years, Precision has offered, and still does offer, turbos that utilize Garrett components. Garrett has never offered an off the shelf upgrade turbo for any of the Turbo Buick applications. The stock turbo for the '86-'87 Turbo Buick, was a Garrett TBO-348 turbo. The TA series turbos have upgraded compressor wheels and turbine wheels, as well as a Precision turbine housing and machined compressor covers. Over the years, Precision has worked hard to constantly evolve turbo options for these cars and we work hard to offer the best turbocharger bar none. Numerous records have been set in the Buick world with our turbos. Check out our website at for more info about us.
www.precisionturbo.net
We have a lot of new and exciting models that have recently been released for the Buick application. Utilizing our latest CNC Billet compressor wheel technology. I will be posting a new turbo comparison sheet on here soon that goes into more detail about these new turbos.
Hope some of this helps.
Patrick