My $.02:
That exhaust wheel on the Turbo probably got chewed up by the $#@^ from the broken parts.
I don't think that turbo is going to have much of a life span now, they spin sooo fast under boost. Time for a rebuild or new one.
That piston *might* be ok now, but those dings may cause: Hot spots (read detonation danger), OR stress points that cause the piston to fail. If the piston fails the exhaust valve & turbo are screwed royal (more foreign objects ), & the block probably is, too! And without pulling the piston you won't find something like the mentioned seized ring for a few miles.
And have you looked at the that cylinder's walls yet? The picture was just TDC, so no telling what kind of scoring was done. I can in the picture some kind of metal on the side of the piston around 7 o'clock.
Too bad the girdle is leaking, otherwise I would do like said, & just pull the pan & replace the piston & rings, IF the cylinder walls are ok.
Are you adding any kind of octane booster or gas additive? And what kind of gas are you using? And how often do your change the fuel filter?